Liberalization Policies of the 1990 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Liberalization Policies of the 1990 - Essay ExampleThese include almost each sectors that contribute to the growth of the miserliness of any country. It was thus a big issue at overtake since US was still claiming the title of being a super power, which meant that for that to be confirmed to be align in the internationalist arena, then it was inevitable for the US to do something to boost the economic growth. This culminated to the establishment of the rest policies that brought an economic boom on the US that has persisted even today. The American government concentrated much on establishing free trade that stird flow of goods and services produced hence increasing production process for the inviolate world. Rather than focusing on tariff reduction, the US policies were based on organization for economic cooperation victimisation (OECD) in order to create transparency in 1990s by accepting to outlaw the put through of bribing external government officials to gain trade a dvantage over other nations. In addition, the US urges international communities to deregulate their firms and industries and take measures to ensure that existing regulations are transparent and do not bias against foreign firms and companies, and are in line with international policies. To keep the train moving, liberalization simply means an economic idea of loosening the rules and regulations that govern international trade with an aim of attracting more revenue to the US to enhance the economic status that had been adversely affected by the Second World War. During world war, US economy was deeply damaged and infringed in that it was mandated to rescue European nations that were falling. This led to the principled idea of harnessing of the human big(p) and the development of technology especially through higher education, which was viewed as a future investment strategy (Adler 45). It is good to note that it is at this point in time that the government enforced economic machi neries, which were meant to look to check the growth of the economy. In this attempt to bring a rapid change of growth, five policies were veritable and enhanced in different sectors. One of these policies was the restructuring of the yearly budget of the federal government

Critically discuss whether birth control is good or bad Essay

Critically talk about whether stimulate match is good or unfit - Essay ExampleThe figure below indicates the project growth rate for the global population. These growth rates have prompted government officials to consider the importance of nascence take for measures. For many countries, these control measures have already been put in place. The controversy with these measures relate to political, social, and scotch considerations for various countries (Worldometers, 2012). This paper will now consider the controversy using various perspectives, including scientific abstract to determine whether or not birth control is good or bad. This paper is being undertaken in order to establish a basis for making decisions on the issue, for policy-makers and for the citizens of the world. Body In general, birth control or contraception is a direction of preventing or avoiding pregnancy via artificial methods including the use of condoms and birth control pills or through the use of natur al methods like abstinence (Crossway, 2012). The more common and more impelling methods include condoms, diaphragm, pills, chemical patches, intrauterine devices, surgical sterilization, and in some extreme cases, surgical abortion. Traditionally, most Christian religions have condemned artificial contraception because they believe that it is against the will of God and that it has potentially moral implications on the unborn foetus (Crossway, 2012). In later years, many of these religions have shifted in their position, accepting some artificial means of contraception as essential methods needed in population control (Crossway, 2012). To date, the Roman Catholic church service still condemns the artificial methods of contraception because they believe that these methods bring harm to the female body and that these methods ar tantamount(predicate) to the killing of an unborn child. Deciding whether or not birth control is good or bad is based on various considerations, mostly in relation to the actual effect of contraception on the body as well as its social and political implications. First and foremost, the natural methods of contraception ar relatively good, mostly because they work well in preventing pregnancies and they do not impact negatively on the female body (Crossway, 2012). They atomic number 18 also reversible, free, and safe methods of contraception. These methods also do not require surgery, chemicals or other drugs. They can also be used with other methods of contraception. The issue of planning and discipline are the most important hurdles which couples often face with this method because they may not always be disciplined in avoiding intercourse during fertile periods moreover, their plans in avoiding pregnancy may be subject to kind error (Borgman, 2005). Nevertheless, despite these issues, natural forms of birth control are relatively beneficial for couples. Artificial birth control methods however are more controversial because of t heir moral and medical implications (Borgman, 2005). In general, these forms of contraception are very much effective in preventing pregnancies and in the end, they help accomplish the primary goal of tyrannical the population. One of these artificial methods of contraception is the hormone-based birth control. This hormone-based birth control can cause side-effects on the woman, including vexation and nausea (Borgman, 2005). However, for some women, switching brands of birth control can help relieve

Family theory use for the dementia Disease Essay

Family theory use for the dementia Disease - render Exampleortant that nurses continue to improve their care services beyond that of re-establishment of family balance to encompass that of family wellness wear and health protection through extensive awareness. The capability of families to reveal self-care skills is crucial to advance mental and animal(prenominal) health within the family and curb the mortality and morbidity that persists to transpire as an outcome of chronic health problems (Doane, 2004). Being a service-oriented profession, nurses working with families in illness and health have an obligation to enhance unmarried health but the health of the entire family.The objective of this paper is to explore some of the features of the family system theory. Primarily, the repercussions of an organismic family systems model to dementia provide be taken into account. Then, consistent with the principles of a competence theory, there will be an exploration of the features o f the family systems theory. And lastly, based on research on family systems, several dimensions of family systems will be discussed with examine to their relevance to nursing practice with vulnerable families of dementia patients.The family systems theory was conceptualised by Murray Bowen which maintains that understanding of an individual is inconceivable in separation from one another, but instead understanding of an individual as a part of their family. The family, as espoused by the theory, is an emotional entity. In the family systems approach, the family is viewed as a system of interrelated and mutually hooklike individuals. Moreover, the theory stipulates that families are systems in which all of its members had tasks to fulfil and rules to obey. System members are anticipated to respond to severally other in a definite manner in accordance to their responsibility, which is established by relationship agreements (Titelman, 2003).Within the system boundaries, trends em erge as behaviour of a particular member of the family is attributable to and sources

Hume Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hume - Essay ExampleHume wrote a book on religion known as the Dialogues concerning Natural pietism. future(a) is a piece from that literature an aeonian inherent article of faith of order to the world In this piece of conversation Hume is arguing on the principle of religion and the ideology propagated by the spiritual texts and opposite literature. He says that the religion has been propounded as the order to the world. The religious people always based their speculation tp be the world of God and Hume is questioning the same theory by making a sarcastic point with effect that totally this is a theory in temperament and nonhing else. The populace is something according to Hume. To this point Philo says that religion is the ultimate truth in the macrocosm and that those who do non follow religion and despise should be given a punishment so that they understand the importance of religion as well as believe in them. To this point Hume says that all this is propaganda by t he religious organizations who try to turn people into believing the religion of their choice so as to include maximum number of people into this theme to make their ideology powerful, but in reality there is nothing like religion which exists. He goes on to say that there are other means to achieve salvation and self-satisfaction in the world. He says that the human mind is strong enough to respect the way on its own and does not need the influence of religion in its life. He says that through wisdom and knowledge of materialistic things around us we may be able to find the true reason for our survival. He believes in the origin of science and says that the only way to live a happy life is to follows the desires of the human mind rather than following what a religious text says. Following is the piece quote in the essay The principles themselves and their manner of operation are totally unknown This is the second quote which shall be analysed in the essay. In this quote Hume say s that those who came up with the idea of religion themselves do not know how the whole deal with the nature started in the first place. It is a mass agenda with governmental ambition which has driven the concept of religion in the way as it exists in the world as of today. Following is a quotation to explain the point in a better manner This I affirm, from the infirmities of human understanding, to be altogether incomprehensible and unknown to us. The essence of that Supreme Mind, his attributes, the manner of his existence, the very nature of his duration these, and every particular which regards so divine a Being, are mysterious to men. Finite, weak, and blind creatures, we ought to lower-ranking ourselves in his august presence and, conscious of our frailties, adore in silence his infinite perfections, which eye hath not seen, ear hath not heard, neither hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive. They are covered in a profound cloud from human curiosity Over here it i s explained that Hume does not think that humans are conscious of the true picture with respect to the God and his origin, and whether or not he exists in the first place. Religion is an outcome of human curiosity, but according to Hume it is a very weak outcome of such curiosity. He argues on the point that the believers of religion do not want to go that extra mile in search of the truth and it their quest to attain truth and divinity

Argumentive essay on Higher Education Research Paper

Argumentive essay on Higher Education - Research Paper mannequineholds present in modern times are boasting of having at least one constituent who has attained higher gentility, and is now well-equipped to deal with the ever-changing job market. There are reasons for and against higher bringing up, and individuals all(prenominal)ow always have an opinion about the changing or shifting paradigm that is higher education (Jedding 76). However, it is crucial to note some of the vital issues that arise as a result of higher education.The onward motion or graduation of an individual from one level of education to the next is always something that brings satisfaction to all the people involved. This is a clear indicator that there is a growing and intensifying need to watch the value of education among most people. Families are gearing up to the fact that their children will have to get word a certain level of education in order to have a fighting candidate in some of the worlds leading institutions, and have some sense of security. This pushes individuals to screen and pass by in the different fields they find themselves in, and try to make it regardless of the challenges present (Jedding 81). As mentioned above, there are reasons for and against higher education and this paper will examine some of them, and try to indicate why higher education is a vital element in the security and future of a region. unitary of the most crucial and best arguments for higher education is the fact that no individual can be over-educated. Once people reach a certain level in their quest for education, the might try to look for excuses to stop or quit by claiming that they have had enough of it. This may be a wrong assumption, especially when one considers that education never stops. Education is a means to learn something modernistic every day, and use that to improve ones life and problem solving skills. Higher education is just a means to acquire experience through wha t someone else has already discovered, so as to make life easier and less complicated (Jedding 84). It is vital

Professional Development and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Professional Development and Management - Essay ExampleWith the growing competitors in the subscriber line world, it has become vital for every business to implement steps that would help them in maintaining their competitive set and also facilitate them in attracting more customers towards the business practicing effective product development (Johnson & Kirchain, n.d.). The main prey of this paper is to provide a detailed analysis of the company that would help in to improving their estimable standing and approach to environmental sustainability through product development of the biscuits category of product of the company. Discussion late Products Desirability Relative to the Market Egyptian Company for Foods commonly acknowledged as BiscoMisr is determined to be wizard of the well-known local manufactures of biscuits along with confectionary products. The companys products are also sold at a lower place various brand names that mainly comprise cakes, uncoated wafer, chewi ng gums and cocoa products (Diaspora Interactive Media, Corp., 2009). It has been recognize that the company has conquered nearly 41% of the biscuit merchandise in Egypt. It has been further viewed that the retail volume issue of biscuit market has slowed down in the nation. It is measured that the growth rate that was 7% in the course 2010 slid down to only 4% in the class 2011 and continued over the first half of the year 2012. The vital reason which has been identified as the key constituent for the slow growth in the biscuits market has been the fact that a substantial proportion of customers have started to prefer consuming homemade snacks as they accept it to be healthier (Euromonitor International, 2012). In this regard, it can be stated that the desirability of the product from the part of the consumers is derived upon having a healthy product within affordable cost. Identify Market Opportunities North Africa is recognised to be one of the most preferred destinations a mid the others emerging markets globally (Bloomberg L.P., 2013). Within the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry, every organisation is establishing strategies and programmes that would help them to get acclaimed in one of the largest and fastest growing populations in the world i.e. North Africa, resulting in increasing the consumers demand for new goods. Considering the aspect of bakery industry within the nation of Egypt, it has been ascertained that in recent years, the growth of biscuit sale has dropped considerably as people have started to prefer consuming homemade biscuits and cookies as they recollect it expensive to buy it from the market. Table 1 Egyptian Confectionery Sales by Retail broadcast (Bryant Christie Inc., 2009) Such a trend has primarily resulted from the slowdown of the currency value of the nation, making the import of natural materials more expensive and compelling businesses to raise their product price. However, it is worth mentioning that accord ing to an estimation done by Oxford Business Group (2013), 70 to 80 present of the sales in the confectionary market come from products

Mortgages and the Federal Reserve Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mortgages and the Federal Reserve - Coursework ExampleThe prospective client must be on the lookout for events that will lead to lower mortgage concern judge. He therefore conducts to be equipped with the knowledge of how to forecast interest prises. An understanding of key sparing indicators plenty provide clues to the future direction of interest rates. These indicators are usually published and are available to everyone. found on Woodruff (2007), they are the followingGross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total output of goods and serve produced by labor and property of a certain country and are considered as the most important economic indicator published. An increasing trend could lead to swelling and make the Federal Reserve can interest rates in order to slow growth. A negative growth would mean a weaker economy that is desirable because interest rates will be lower due to the need to stimulate commerce.Consumer Price king (CPI) indicates the average change over t ime in the prices paid by urban consumers for a fixed market basket of consumer goods and services. It is the leading indicator of inflation. If the CPI registers an increasing trend, inflation is likely and interest rates are likely to rise. The converse is also true. Producer Price Index (PPI) is a family of indexes that measures the average change over time in the selling prices (from the sellers perspective) certain by domestic producers of goods and services. High PPI is inflationary and leads to a decrease in bond prices and higher interest rates. The converse is also true.Employment Situation The payroll employment report involves data on employment, hours and winnings estimates based on payroll records of business establishments. It is also used to predict other important economic indicators such as Personal Income and Industrial Production. If the Payroll Employment registers a monthly increase or increasing trend, inflation is likely and could cause interest rates to ris e. A smaller-than-expected figure causes yields and interest rates to fall.Employment Situation Information on the unemployment rate and the number of unemployed persons by occupation, industry, duration of unemployment, and a reason for unemployment is published by the government and use as a lagging indicator. A declining unemployment rate is considered inflationary and causes interest rates to hike. The converse is also true. The reason behind this is that as more mass get employed, the more people are willing to compete for a property. Creditors find it as an fortune to maximize sales. Consumer Credit data provides information on levels of debt for industries such as auto financing and commercial message banking credit and is a good indicator of consumer spending. Although it is considered as having little impact on interest rates, it gives an musical theme on the degree of consumer spending.Housing Starts When trapping starts to register a higher-than-expected increase, th e economy is registering positive growth but it is considered inflationary. This scenario leads to falling in bond prices and yields and interest rates to rise. Likewise, decline or declining trend in housing activity slows the economy and can push it into a recession, causing yields and interest rates to fall.

Business Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Intelligence - hear ExampleIn this case, the Marshfield Clinic and the Exclusive Resorts, LLC case studies will be explored based on various elements of duty acquaintance. From these case studies, it is evident that there must be a drive or an instigating compute to prosecute BI solutions, it is important to choose the right BI softw are, there are barriers to the adoption of business intelligence solutions, and the system must be able to integrate all the applications in the company. However, some of the BI solutions are complex and costly. Therefore, it is important for the business to perform enough research before settling on a final BI solution. The Marshfield Clinic Case Study The Marshfield Clinic has more than 50 regional locations with over 800 physicians and 6,500 healthcare and administrative workers. The clinic expeditiously manages more than 375,000 long-suffering roles each year. For example, the counselling team made an investment in electronic patien t records. To facilitate it, the clinic offered its staff with electronic tablets for purposes of history taking which would be automatically populated in a centralized patient data warehouse. All the clinical care and financial information of each patient is safely kept, constantly updated, and ready for reporting and analysis. The clinic constantly innovates to be in line with the industry wobble (Cummens and Konitzer, 2011). Recently, the clinic utilized SAP Business Objects solutions to observe the quality metrics as it implemented enhancement initiatives. The clinic has an efficient system for collecting patient care information but it requires the appropriate analytics appliance to improve patient care metrics and also provide user-friendly reporting for the physicians desktops in order to give sustainment to real-time decision making. Initially, the clinic used sophisticated ad hoc query tools before acquiring SAP BusinessObjects for analytics and reporting, however, this method required the users to undergo extensive training. The clinic utilized train-the-trainer approach to train the end-user. The SAP BusinessObjects was the best fit for the clinic. This is because the management team required software that non-IT individuals (particularly the doctors) could use without any problems (Cummens and Konitzer, 2011). The rolling out and adoption process was quick and smooth. However, there were challenges such as converting the 60 Cognos catalogs of the clinic into novel semantic layers that functioned with SAP BusinessObjects software. The whole process tool close to nine months and the software has enabled the clinic to meet its goals from the perspective of reporting and analytics (Cummens and Konitzer, 2011). There are a pattern of lessons to be learned from this case study. First, there must be a drive or an instigating factor to pursue business intelligence solutions. Though the clinic had an efficient system, it still needed software that wil l keep then up to date with the ongoing healthcare industry changes. Electrosmart Ltd (2011), states that drivers of BI include rapid change, governance, stakeholder demands, expanding on ERP (enterprise resource planning) and data availability. In the case of Marshfield Clinic, data was readily available and there was need to be in line with the health care industry. Second, it is important to choose the right BI

CRJ 422 Week 3 assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CRJ 422 Week 3 assignment - Essay Examplels to engagement terrorism, the United States Congress passed the patriot Act in October 2001 as a mitigation measure to change the security spot in the country. Following the implementation of the Patriot and the native land security put to works, there wipe out been divergent opinions on the implication of the acts on the rights of the citizens. In an attempt to understand the operational modalities of the patriot act and the homeland security act, this paper will explore them with reference to their impact on social judge (Ebenger, 2008).Following an attack on the world trade center and the anthrax attack of 2001, the Congress passed the Patriot Act to control the security situation in the country. Application of the patriot act authorized the postponement of immigrants indefinitely, the act at the same time gives the justness enforcement officers permission to search a persons home or business without the individuals permission. The act allows the FBI to search emails, telephone records, and financial records of suspects without a court order (Ebenger, 2008).The Homeland Security Act was signed into law in 2002 by president George Bush, creating the position level to cabinet under the title of secretary of homeland security. The establishment of the department of homeland security was for the core purposes of preventing terrorist attack within the United States, to reduce the vulnerability of the country to terrorist attack and to diminish damage as well as enhance recovery in instances of a terrorist attack. The act provides the law enforcement agencies with the authority to direct and control information that is needed to prevent a terrorist attack. The authority extends to where the law enforcement agencies puke request for a persons personal health information without the patient or the guardians comply (Mccreight, 2010).In support of the patriot and the homeland security acts, the proponents of the two Acts point out to the desperate situation of the

To what extent should the use of Capital Punishment be a matter for Essay

To what extent should the white plague of Capital Punishment be a matter for Political & Moral Choice quite than base simply on its Ethnicacy as a deterrent against cr - Essay ExampleDramatic changes in the letter and the practice of criminal law inevitably indicate that cultural work is being done, that a paradigm shift is occurring in the understanding of crime, criminals, and police power. The main problem is that the debates just about superior penalization and its effectiveness are based on ethical principles rather than political or moral rules. many critics state that capital punishment should be analyzed and discussed in accordance with moral and political principles rather than a common sense, values and traditions.Traditionally, the public discussion of crime and punishment encompasses more than the penal code and debates about courts, judges, and juries. The modern criminal justice system emerged at the same time as the fields of psychiatry, criminology, sociology, a nthropology, and psychology. These disciplines purported to ease up scientific methods of inquiry to behavior, moral illness, and the social and psychological dimensions of crime. In general, moral arguments can be make both for and against capital punishment (Logan, 1999). Long a key element of the debate, moral arguments also gift tended to remain fairly static over the years, and often have been used in conjunction with sacred arguments. Two moral arguments have remained particularly important throughout the death penalty debate payment and the sanctity of life. Those favoring the death penalty often argue that society must express moral demoralise at, and condenmation of, heinous crimes such as murder (Coyne & Entzeroth, 2006). The conscience of society should be educated in the vision of such a penalty if it were not, or when it is not, poor and cheap indeed is the estimate placed upon the sacredness of homo life. Conversely, abolitionists often argue that rather than u pholding the sanctity of life, the death penalty violates it. Both Henry Fielding and Charles the Tempter used moral and political arguments to oppose capital punishment. These same issues have been the subject of hitherto great attention and controversy in the modern era, as scientific studies have attempted to determine whether capital punishment acts as a deterrent to murder and/or whether it has a brutalizing effect on society. In spite of the fact that Fielding supported execution for Bosavern Penlez, he rejected the idea of capital punishment as the only possible measure to prevent crimes (Fielding, 1980). Proponents of capital punishment typically consider disincentive to be one of its fundamental goals. The execution sermons of the early colonies were full of warnings against following in the footsteps of the condemned, and executions were public events knowing to instill fear and reverence for the law in the people of the community (Colson 1997).Also, critics admit tha t such mental state as monomania is an elusive form of insanity manifested itself in a single peg down area. Monomaniacs could thus appear sane and normal most of the time but would become obsessive, wildly irrational, and even homicidal in regard to one particular subject (Coyne & Entzeroth 2006). The rational faculties of the moral imbecile could be entirely intact, but the moral faculties common to normal humans were totally lacking. In court, and in any(prenominal) state penal codes, these new categories sometimes led to an irresistible impulse test For the monomaniacal receiver or the moral imbecile, a single act of explosive violence might expose a lifetime of apparent normalcy as a

Film (movie) analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film (movie) analysis melodic theme - Essay ExampleBut because of the desperation of losing her job as a florist and being impregnated by boyfriend who hesitated to marry her, she took the risk and became a drug mule.The backdrop of the movie provides a broad fellow feeling of the life in rural Colombia, where Maria spent her earlier life. The plot of the film gives a pertinacious feel of the life in the rural environment which includes the overpopulated rural households that struggles to fend for themselves in a pastoral where social mischief caused by drug trade has slumped economic progress. Poverty, socio-political injustice, and violence continue to play a significant role in shaping the social wellbeing of the small country and served as a justification why such a nice girl such as Maria is dictated into the drug trade.In addition to the socio-cultural background of poverty that drives people into drug trade, Joshua Marston, the movie director too oriented the audience a bout the kind of environment Colombia has that induces people to part of the trade etiher as a pusher or a mule. It depicted the pervasiveness of the drug in the country that made the industry so accessible to anyone in despair. It provided the audience understanding that people are not really born drug mules or drug addicts but rather they are just induced and conditioned by their surrounding. capital of South Carolina has such an unhealthy environment that makes drug so common that the fear of the criminal and health present moment of being involved in the trade is dulled by its commonality. And this explains why Maria who is such a nice, smart and driven girl would go into the dangerous and illegal drug trade.In contrast, the film besides showed the environment of New York to underscore how abject the environment of Colombia is. The greener pastures presented by New York City also elysian the young Colombians to engage in the perilous business, in the hope that one day they wi ll

Financial Systems and Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Systems and Auditing - Essay ExampleThe inspectors responsibility is to form and express an flavor on the come withs financial statements, while the entitys management is responsible for the preparation and presentation of financial statements. Audit in general may include the entire examination of the units organization, the system as well as the go away including the evaluation if the study complied with significant laws, its rules and regulations. The audit must also be in compliance to the applicable policies of University, there should be midland controls adequacy and the operations efficiency and its effectiveness. The focus of the audit is to determine the adequacy of procedures and the companys internal control. The adequacy in procedures is indeed a great help for the purpose of ensuring the systems objectives, the function of the company and to carry by dint of the units effectiveness and efficiency. The adequacy of control is also preventing the outcome o f occurrence and therefore unwanted.The available financial records in an audit are audit statements, bond issues, budget, the annual comprehensive financial reports and other financial reports. The audit statements should be selective in terms of the statements type, not just only with the objects of specific schema where the company operates but the options must be broad in terms of the use of auditing and the consideration with the options of related actions. The audit statement must be for users selection for the purpose of tracking several statements. Bond issues maybe through underwriting which is usually the common process. The underwriting of bonds includes one or more securities of firms and banks forming the syndicate buying the bonds entire issue approach path from the issuer then reselling to the investors. The bonds of government are said to be auctioned.Another record of the company that needs to be audited is the budget. work out is the detailed plan, expressed in q uantitative terms that specify how resources will be acquired and used during a specified period of time. Budget should be audited in put to find the most profitable teaching which the operations can take and in order for the company to develop in detail the equilibrise and coordinated program in direction and to assist in controlling the operations in the act of the said programs. Budget must have the complete support of top management and it must be realistic and the goals must also be attainable. The Financial Report is the statutory basis that must be prepared for audit purposes wherein this can be meeting the requirements of state finance law in order to present fairly the results for computing and certifying the Stabilization Fund balance and the fund for Tax Reduction to report and wear out the aspects pertaining to the financial performance. The importance of other financial r

Is there racial profiling in nypd stop question and frisk Research Paper

Is there racial profiling in nypd stop question and frisk - enquiry Paper ExampleAlthough these immigrant become a cause of financial successfulness as they bring unusual exchange with them and turn the wheel of economic prosperity by forming revenue for the country. However, there are slew who observe every stranger as intruder and suspect them of criminal activity due to their finalise thinking style.Prejudice towards a nation or society is commonly observed since right subsequently 9/11 incident. International media and the realness not only got terrorized by the incident, but started accusing and treating all the people of Muslim community in the same manner. This conveniently spread the prejudiced feelings towards Muslim and today it is felt by all the other people of the world as well.All around the world several innocent Muslims are killed by people who count themselves as civilized and literate nations. On the other hand they subject, innocent immigrant who leave their homelands, only for the sake of education or financial prosperity as subjects to criminal or terrorist activity.The wind of racial prejudice did not start only by and by 9/11 but it has a past which date backs 500-1000 years of western prejudice towards non western. recently NYPD is observing Muslim students of many universities far more closely than ever. They are not only lecture to their professors and acquaintance but also following them on trips outside the premises of colleges and universities. An undercover agent was displace on a rafting trip with a group of Muslim students to assess them. Police commissioner Raymond Kelly is facilitating this investigation on Muslim students only on the basis of their religious beliefs and practices. However, there is no such evidence put against these students, to be involved in terrorist activities so far. Several students are in a perplexed landed estate after becoming a surveillance list member. These students felt discomfort and mistrust

Occupy Wall Street Movement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Occupy Wall Street motility - Assignment ExampleThus, it can broadly be stated that all the aforementioned issues ultimately coat the way towards the emergence of this particular movement (Kim, 2011). The paper intends to analyze the moral as well as the economic implications involved in the movement. Various aspects such as the analysis of the identified implications against the Kantian, utilitarian as well as virtue ethics and the determination of the individuals or entities liable for income disparity along with improper wealth distribution particularly in the US ordain be taken into concern. Besides, a insinuation regarding an equitable outcome from the movement that would be appropriate for capitalistic society and the prediction concerning whether the movement will continue, fad away or turn into another perspective will also be discussed in the paper. The moral implications that have been involved in the movement i.e. Occupy Wall Street movement get numerous important as pects that include the contemplation of individual responsibility instead of moral responsibility and predominance of self-interest. With regard to the moral implications, the movement has been viewed to remain significantly focused upon determining the role of hierarchical regime that is based upon wealth or different sources of power. In accordance with the viewpoints of the protestors of the movement, the role of any government is to guard as well as to empower every citizen of a nation through enhancing different avenues of growth. In this similar context, the areas include health as well as education, transportation, public infrastructure, trade policies, art and culture, scientific research, public lands, and resources. It has been viewed that the movement relating to moral implications has been based upon certain moral guidelines.

Emerging Business Themes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Emerging Business Themes - test ExampleIt has a more than 7,500 restaurants in the United States and everywhere 5,600 restaurants in 97 countries. (Yum Brands, 2009).Social Media is delineate as a group of Internet-based applications that are build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, and that bring home the bacon the creation and exchange of user-generated content (Kaplan Andreas M., 2010) .pizza Hut, which started spreading as a franchise restaurant has evolved over a period of time accompanimenting pace with the latest developments. Needless to say, that its diverse delivery order required huge investment in technology. Now, it is also investing in Social Media technology to keep up with its customers like many other brands which are rushing to keep up with consumer behavior (Peter Kim, 2009).Pizza Hut is still testing grounds when it comes to social media technology. To find out what the customers want to hear, they engage in conversations with custo mers over the social media sites. It has initiated various campaigns targeted at increasing its online presence. It has marked its presence on Facebook and Twitter and is offer hot deals to the users of these websites. However, a well defined merchandising strategy regarding its social media networking is yet not in place.Pizza Hut has set its dialogue goals as 1) giving people an engaging and fun elbow room to find tidings and information from Pizza Hut, and 2) creating two-way relationships with our customers, built on trusted conversation. (Fuller, 2009)Probably its communication goals led Pizza Hut to announce its intention to hire an intern for managing its Twitter account. Although this piece of news was intended to establish camaraderie with the generation using Twitter, it gathered a lot of criticism from marketing gurus who thought it was a bad idea to let an intern handle an international brand on an international platform. (Evans, 2009)While social media technologies represent exciting new opportunities for

Management (impact of recent economic crisis) Essay

Management (impact of recent economic crisis) - Essay ExampleSuch as accountability show the facts of transp arency and control shows the overall hands on the situation. With a literature review these are discussed belowA representation is a collateral statement, either by writing not inserted in the policy, or by parole, of such facts or circumstances relative to the proposed adventure, as are necessary to be communicated to the underwriters, to enable them to from a form a just estimate of the risk. A representation, like a guarantee but there is a material difference between a representation and a warranty. A warranty, beingness a condition upon which the contract is to take effect, is always a part of the written policy, and must(prenominal) appear on the face of it. Whereas a representation is only a matter of collateral education or intelligence on the subject of the voyage insured, and makes no part of the policy. A warranty being in the nature of a condition precedent, m ust be strictly and literally complied with but it is qualified if the representation be true in substance, whether a warranty be material to the risk or not, the insured stakes his claim of indemnity upon the precise truth of it, if it be affirmative, or upon the exact cognitive process of it, if executory but it is sufficient if a representation be made without fraud, and be not false in any material point, or if it be substantially, though not literally, fulfilled.The major reason, the financial institution com

Evaluation of Production Essay Example for Free

Evaluation of Production EssayIn what ways does your media harvest-tide use, turn or challenge forms and conventions of real media products? My five minute accusative preview, a view on the catamenia put to ranges Vivienne Westwood brings to capital of the United Kingdoms y discloseh culture incorporates generic conventions, which ar developed by comparing other real media products. To en up to(p) the use of codes and conventions, I watched different documentaries. It was difficult to conduct research that had a similar genre to my documental however watching any documentary boostered me gain some visual experience when it came to chassis, layout and lighting and so on sensation documentary that I like and paid particular focus on was the BBC documentary Michael Jacksons influence on Black Culture. In my opinion this documentary somehow related to mine as they two look at influences on a certain culture. I often paid attention to the framing of each shot to help me establish how a documentary should be filmed and then taking into account the conventions I learnt, and use them in my documentary to result in a professional look. One of the conventions I used was formal audiences.When filming the interviews i had to learn how to frame them accurately, and in that locationfore i had gear up word into account the position on the interviewee. In order to do this I used the rule of thirds. or else than having the interviewee looking straight into the camera, the eye line is positioned slightly to the side looking opposite at the interviewer. plot of land expressing their views it shows that the interviewee is having a direct conversation with the interviewer making it look as formal as possible. On the rightfulness hand side of the frame, i left room for any names that need to be added.In nearly-nigh real media documentaries the setting is quite apparent, there is not usually too much of a amazement behind the interviewee. Therefore whil st filming my documentary i tried to keep the background fairly middling in order to prevent the audience losing their concentration and instead to focus on the interviewee. During the plannnng of my documentary the paper i had in mind was very vague. however after having researched more and having got hold of some contacts that would be of use in the documentary, my creative thinkers started to develop and change, resulting into a real plan that would have depth by including a beginning, middle and end.I had planned to go to different locations ie. Oxford street, Camden T profess, Covent Garden and so on where i would be able to demote individuals that came from different sub cultures and interview them on the spot about their fashion sense and what it says about them. However when i captured it i noticed that the sound recording didnt tell apart out clear enough and the current of air came about as a hassle because the equipment wasnt professional, therefore the microphon e picked up every background sound. As a result, these different technical problems led to a lack of informal interviews.Furthermore, it was a trouble get informal interviews as many another(prenominal) people who I had approached refused to be in the interview. This issue was very prevent as it was a hassle carrying the equipment around for nothing. I had likewise contacted Vivienne Westwood to see if she was willing to do an interview and other organisations such as the VA however they were not available to take part. On the other hand, I managed to get one informal interview that was successful, as well as getting hold of and contacting my own contacts who were reasonably effective to the documentary.The documentary starts off with the use of a giver, who establishes and lets the audience know what they will look throughout the documentary. As the documentary mainly consists of formal interviews there was no need for a presenter throughout the rest of the documentary. I wa nted to use the convention of archive footage within the documentary. Using Clips of Vivienne Westwood that I would not have been able to obtain myself, i guess would have added more facts and information to the documentary, even so I wasnt sealed if this would have got in the way of copyright so for this reason i obdurate not to include it.Moreover, the same issue came about when choosing which music to add to the documentary. It was hard to choose the right music that would fit with the context of the documentary as most of it was too clichi which was distracting from the interviews. However to overcome this problem i searched more around different genres and was able to find a suitable track that bonded well with the documentary. For my supplemental tasks I attempted to focus on ways that would be effective to the audience startle and relate it to their needs. I was asked to entertain a mailing that would advertise my documentary as well as a radio trailer for verbal adve rtisement.It is important to promote your product in order to furcate the audience when it will be shown or a clue on what it will be establish upon similarly the radio trailer will give the audience an insight to the documentary and give them an idea on what will be said as well as an idea of its topic. I aimed to make both effective and accurate that relate to my documentary. In terms of my poster I would say it fits in with the content of the documentary as the documentary portrays how Vivienne Westwood started out, and explains the influences she has had on the current youth culture in London as well as how she has inspired many individuals.Therefore to demonstrate this through a poster I used a black white effect on Vivienne Westwood and in her body, placed colourful images of the different sub cultures that represent her influences. The contrast in colours makes the poster stand out and centering the audiences interest. The image of the different individuals representing a diversity of trends In the current culture of London fashion are the people that would have been interviewed if my documentary was longer, however it would be relatively insignificant to do this as it is wholly a 5 min clip.My other ancillary task, the radio trailer, was slightly harder in my opinion, as I had to not only inform the audience but also make it sound persuasive to ascension awareness of the documentary. In order to make my trailer effective I looked back over my documentary and used sound clips from my interviews that would be useful in the trailer to give it a sense of candor and direction. For the script I wanted to make it sound catchy so the audience would not get bored and distracted. In order to do this I used short sentences that informed the listeners about the main details of the documentary.I had to make sure it was well written with the use of appropriate English so that it will appeal to the majority. I believe there is a strong link between the ancill ary tasks and the main product as they all portray a similar style. By keeping a similar style, in my opinion I think this shows continuity throughout. In terms of audience feedback, I have learnt that the audience help me establish the positive and negative parts about my documentary. I believe that it is important to take the audience into consideration while making a documentary as they are the ones who are viewing it therefore it should be made to suit their needs.My aim was to complete the documentary to the scoop out of my ability, in order to please the audience. When the documentary was complete I played it to the class where both students and teachers divided up their opinions. The feedback that I received was mainly positive and detailed though of course there were also criticisms. I believe it is essential to listen carefully and take in all criticisms as they will come in use for my future work and help me learn from my mistakes when making new media products.One of the many things the audience liked was the information and facts which the documentary showed and the fact that there were different sides to the story. I am proud of(p) with this as it was my purpose to create not only a documentary that was informing but also showing different opinions and beliefs. I think this shows a sense of realism. Another point that the audience liked was the idea of one of the interviewees being filmed in front of a police station. This was interesting because the interviewee is seen to be a rebel therefore juxtaposing the two was attractive.Overall I am pleased with my final product as the audience have shown interest in my documentary. To a certain extent, I believe there is a fair range of camera shots and techniques used throughout but there could always be room for improvement From start to finish, I used different types of new media technologies in order to help my research and planning stages through to the construction of my project. The main applied science I used was the internet. This helped me when I was at the stage of researching and planning, as it was a quick and easy way to access all kinds of information that I needed.Firstly, the popular search engine Google, allowed me to carry out primary and secondary data. It helped me get information on the different locations and institutions that I found interesting such as The Fashion and Textiles museum, The London College of Fashion etc. It helped me gather information for my planning stage. Secondly, having access to email was very convenient. It was an easy way of allowing me to communicate with others by sending and receiving instant information where I could access it either my phone or computer. It helped me make sure everything was organised and arranged.Thirdly, before I started filming my documentary I had to know the specific conventions of documentaries therefore I wanted to watch a lot of different documentaries. I would usually watch BBC1 and channel 4 however in stead of waiting for the documentary to come on Television YouTube gave me instant access with a range of choices. During my project I had to present each stage of my planning and research. I used Microsoft PowerPoint to do this. PowerPoint, is easy to use and is a good way of presenting information in a clear and perceivable way.I used Final Cut Express to create both my documentary and radio trailer. I enjoyed using this software as I was able to expand my skills and learn new ones by using different tools. One of the skills I learnt were putting footage over interviews and playing them simultaneously. I am now able to use voice over when recording sound and other tools when editing the sequence. I believe that from this it has given me more confidence to use the software because I now have the ability to structure a timeline and create a story giving it a narrative.Using Adobe Photoshop for my Poster was not so easy as it was my first time using the software, nevertheless with some practice and hard work I managed to complete my poster successfully. I not only completed it but used media technology to do so. I am satisfied that I have gained new skills. For the title of my poster I used a site called DAfont I found this site effective because it had a wider selection of fonts that I could choose from that suited with the overall image of my posterFor my interviews it was important that I knew how to go out and genuinely use a camera. To make sure everything was perfect I practiced with my partner before shooting. I can definitely say that my camera skills have broadened through learning how to properly take out a camera and attach it to a microphone, tripod and headphones while at the same time making sure the faming and sound is correct. All these new media technologies supported the research, planning and construction of my production project.

Teaching Reading Is Rocket Science Essay Example for Free

Teaching yarn Is Rocket erudition Essay prolusion executive wedlockmary Preventing indi asst Failure A Top Priority for studyal activity Whither We Are winning Stock of instructor Preparation in de nonation The barrier of Teaching variant Has Been Under enterd / 11 Why Have Teachers Been Left Unprep ard? / 11 The Knowledge Base for Teaching interpret Is Hidden, Extensive, and Complex / 11 Meaningful lord Standards Are vanish / 12 Good info Is badly To Get / 14 Classroom Instructional Programs Are Un informative / 14 Can We Do collapse?/14 Toward a Curriculum for Teacher Preparation and Inservice Professional Development Knowledge of the Psychology of Reading and Reading Development / 16 Basic Facts al virtually(prenominal) Reading / 16 The Characteristics of Poor and Novice Readers / 18 How Reading and Spelling Develop / 18 speech The Foundation for Reading Instruction / 20 working Skills of Instruction in a Comprehensive Reading Program / 21 Opportunities for Supervised Experience / 21 Use of Validated Instructional Practices / 21 assessment of Classroom Reading and Writing Skills / 24 Where We exigency To GoChanging Teacher Preparation and Professional Development inReading In Sum End Notes References Appendix AKnowledge and Skills for Teaching Reading A Core Curriculum for Teacher Candidates 5 7 9 11 16 25 28 29 30 33 TEACHING enforce session IS ROCKET acquisition / 3 Teaching teaching is a job for an expert. Preface R eading is the fundamental skill upon which al right sm humanistic discip draw offy last(predicate) formal bringing up work push throughs. Research now shows that a electric s gravelr who doesnt claim the take oning basics early is unlikely to watch them at all. Any nestling who doesnt learn to hire early and salutary will not easily master former(a) skills and fellowship, and is unlikely to ever flourish in school or in life.Low knowledge achievement, more than than whatever other factor, is the root cause of chronically low-performing schools, which harm students and contribute to the loss of public pledge in our school system. When galore(postnominal) children dont learn to translate, the public schools put upnot and will not be regarded as achieverfuland efforts to dismantle them will proceed. Thanks to new scientific investigateplus a long-awaited scientific and political consensus around this researchthe knowledge exists to teach all but a smattering of severely disabled children to read soundly.This report discusses the current state of teacher supply in read in relation to that research. It analyses and describes the knowledge base and essential skills that teacher bungholedidates and practicing teachers mustinessiness master if they are to be successful in teaching all children to read rise. Finally, the report substantiates recommendations for improving the system of teacher education and pro maturement. In medicine, if research found new ways to fulfil lives, health care originals would lift out these methods as quickly as possible, and would change practices, procedures, and systems.Educational research has found new ways to save young minds by helping them to become proficient readers it is up to us to promote these new methods throughout the education system. Young lives depend on it. And so does the survival of public education. The urgent task onwards us is for university faculty and the teaching community to work together to develop programs that buns help hold in that all teachers of culture defend access to this knowledge. TEACHING READING IS ROCKET SCIENCE / 5To meet printed language well tolerable to teach it explicitly requires disciplined study of its systems and forms, both intercommunicate and written. Executive Summary T he most fundamental responsibility of schools is teaching students to read. Indeed, the future success of all students hinges upon their ability to become proficient readers. Recen t scientific studies defy allowed us to understand more than ever before how literacy develops, why some children urinate difficulty, and what constitutes best pedagogicsal practice.Scientists now estimate that fully 95 percent of all children can be taught to read. save, in arouse of all our knowledge, statistics reveal an alarming prevalence of struggling and hapless readers that is not limited to any ane segment of society s some 20 percent of elementary students nationwide have significant problems study to read. At least 20 percent of elementary students do not read fluently enough to enjoy or draft in independent yarn. The rate of interpretation failure for AfricanAmerican, Hispanic, limited-English speakers and poor children ranges from 60 percent to 70 percent. ternion of poor readers nationwide are from college-educated families. Twenty-five percent of adults in this country overleap the basic literacy skills unavoidable in a typical job. s s ameliorated by l iteracy discipline that includes a range of research-based components and practices. But, as the statistics testify, this type of direction clearly has not made its way into every schoolroom. Indeed, a chasm exists between schoolroom instructional practices and the research knowledge-base on literacy selective information.Part of the responsibility for this divide lies with teacher preparation programs, many of which, for a variety of reasons, have failed to adequately prepare their teacher candidates to teach development. Fortunately, this situation is being corrected, thanks in large part to recent basic research on class period that has allowed the community of reading scientists and educators to equalise on what fatalitys to be done. This new information close to language, reading, and penning is just generator to manikin teacher preparation and instructional programs.This knowledge must also form the basis of blue-quality captain development for practicing teache rs. s s What Does the Research Say About Effective Reading Instruction? Well-designed, controlled comparisons of instructional approaches have consistently supported these components and practices in reading instruction s Research indicates that, although some children will learn to read in spite of incidental teaching, others never learn unless they are taught in an dress upd, systematic, efficient way by a knowledgeable teacher using awell-designed instructional approach.And, while many students from forged environments come to school less prepared for literacy than their more advantaged peers, their risk of reading difficulties could still be prevented and send teaching of decoding, comprehension, and literature appreciation Phoneme awareness instruction Systematic and explicit instruction in the enrol system of written EnglishDaily pictorial matter to a variety of texts, as well as incentives for children to reads s s TEACHING READING IS ROCKET SCIENCE / 7 separately and w ith others s Vocabulary instruction that includes a variety of complementary methods designed to explore the familys among records and the relationships among condition grammatical construction, origin, and center Comprehension strategies that include prediction of outcomes, summarizing, clarification, question, and visualization and Frequent writing of prose to enable a deeper intellect of what is read.Changing Teacher Preparation and Professional Development in Reading If higher standards and substantive courses of preparation are adopted now, the two million new teachers projected over the next decade may be equipped to minimize reading failure in all but a handsome percentage of students. To achieve that goal, a range of initiatives shoots to be ascertained s s s s Research should guide the profession. Core requirements and standards for new teachers should be established.Teacher education programs should be aligned with standards for students and licensing requirem ents for teachers. Professional development institutes should be created for profs of education and master teachers. Developers of textbooks and instructional materials should be encouraged to improve their products. High-quality professional development must be available for teachers. An investment in teaching should be made to attract and go on high-caliber teacher candidates.Toward a Curriculum for Teacher Preparation and Inservice Professional Development Because schoolroom instruction, more than any other factor, is crucial in preventing reading problems, it is a primary focus for effecting change. A comprehensive design of teacher preparation in reading instruction, founded on a core curriculum that defines the knowledge and skills necessary for effective practice, is vital to improved classroom instruction. Such a research-based core curriculum would provide much(prenominal)(prenominal) more extensive, demanding, and sum-driven training to inform classroom practice.Spe cifically, a core curriculum for teacher preparation must include components for s s s s s s Understanding reading psychological science and development Understanding the anatomical structure of the English language Applying best practices in all aspects of reading instruction and Using validated, reliable, efficient assessments to inform classroom teaching. s s s This core curriculum can also serve as the basis for inservice professional development for the vast number of current teachers who have not been exposed to the research-based knowledge.The fact that teachers need better training to carry out deliberate instruction in reading, spell out, and writing should prompt action rather than criticism. It should highlight the existing gap between what teachers need and what they have been crapn. It should underscore the obligation of teacher preparation programs to provide candidates with a rigorous, research-based curriculum and opportunities to practice a range of predefined sk ills and knowledge, as well as the need for licensing authorities to assess that knowledge.The knowledge and skills inherent in effective reading programs must be part of every teachers reading instruction repertoire. Good, research-based teacher preparation programs, coupled with high-quality professional development for classroom teachers, can assure that this is so. 8 / back TEACHERS Preventing Reading Failure A Top Priority for Education I n todays literate world, schoolman success, secure employment, and personal autonomy depend on reading and writing proficiency. all told children who are capable of reading must be taught how to read much(prenominal) is the fundamental responsibility of schooling.Although educators have long understood the importance of literacy, a series of recent studies goes a long way in elucidating the chain of cause and effect that supports the development of literacy. Convergent findings of high-quality research have clarified how children learn to read and what must be done to ensure that they do. Beyond doubt, reading early links one value to another. Enjoyment of reading, exposure to the language in books, and attainment of knowledge about the world all lessen in greater measure to those who have learned how to read before the end of first grade.Difficulty with the first steps of reading, in contrast, eventually undermines vocabulary growth, knowledge of the world, mastery of language, and skill in writing. one time behind in reading, few children catch up unless they receive intensive, individual, and expert instruction, a scarce (and expensive) good in most schools. 1 Far too many children have trouble reading and writing. About 20 percent of elementary students nationwide have significant problems larn to read at least another 20 percent do not read fluently enough to enjoy or engage in independent reading.Thus it should not be surprising that, according to the United States exponent of Technology, 25 percent of th e adult population privations the basic literacy skills take in a typical job. 2 Among those who do not make it in lifeschool dropouts, incarcerated individuals, unemployed and underemployed adultsare high percentages of people who cannot read. 3 Such accreditedities have prompted the National Institutes of Health to regard reading development and reading difficulty as a major public health concern.For poor, minority children who attend low-performing urban schools, the incidence of reading failure is astronomical and completely unacceptable. AfricanAmerican, Hispanic, limited-English speaking students, and those from impoverished homes fall behind and stay behind in far greater proportion than their white, middle-class counterparts. The rate of reading failure in these groups is 60 percent to 70 percent according to the National Assessment of Educational Progress. 4 This figure solo explains much about the poor academic achievement of minority students and why they are under-r epresented in professions that depend on higher education.Environment, however, does not explain all. Many children from more advantaged, literacy-rich environments have trouble accomplishment to read, and many children from high-risk environments do indeed learn to read. 5 California recently initiated a series of laws to purify reading education after 49 percent of students of college-educated parents scored below basic on the National Assessment of Educational Progress. One-third of poor readers nationwide are from college-educated families who presumably encourage literacy in the home. The tragedy here is that most reading failure is unnecessary.We now know that classroom teaching itself, when it includes a range of research-based components and practices, can prevent and ameliorate reading difficulty. Although home factors do influence how well and how soon stu- TEACHING READING IS ROCKET SCIENCE / 9 Learning to read is not natural or easy for most children. Reading is an acq uired skill. dents read, informed classroom instruction that targets proper(postnominal) language and reading skills beginning in kindergarten enhances success for all but a few students with moderate or severe learning disabilities.Scientists now estimate that 95 percent of all children can be taught to read at a level constrained only by their think and listening comprehension abilities. 6 It is clear that students in high-risk populations need not fail at the rate they do. 7 When placed into schools with effective principals and well-prepared and wellsupported teachers, African-American, Hispanic, or students who are economically disadvantaged can learn to read as well as their more advantaged peers.8 Further, students who lack the prerequisite awareness of sounds, symbols, and contrive meanings can overcome their initial disadvantage if teachers incorporate critical skills into lessons directly, systematically, and actively. 9 Thus, while parents, tutors, and the community c an contribute to reading success, classroom instruction must be viewed as the critical factor in preventing reading problems and must be the primary focus for change. Ensuring effective classroom instructional practice is well within the purview of educational policymakers.10 / AFT TEACHERS Where We Are Taking Stock of Teacher Preparation in Reading The Difficulty of Teaching Reading Has Been Underestimated Teaching reading is a job for an expert. Contrary to the popular theory that learning to read is natural and easy, learning to read is a complex linguistic achievement. For many children, it requires effort and incremental skill development. Moreover, teaching reading requires gigantic knowledge and skill, acquired over several years through focused study and supervised practice.Consider what the classroom demands of the teacher. Childrens interest in reading must be stimulated through regular exposure to interesting books and through discussions in which students respond to man y kinds of texts. For best results, the teacher must instruct most students directly, systematically, and explicitly to decipher lecture in print, all the while keeping in mind the eventual(prenominal) purpose of reading, which is to learn, enjoy, and understand. To accommodate childrens variability, the teacher must assess children and contract lessons to individuals.She must interpret errors, give corrective feedback, select examples to illustrate concepts, explain new ideas in several ways, and connect linguistic symbols with real reading and writing. No one can develop such expertise by taking one or two college courses, or attending a few one-shot inservice workshops. Although reading is the cornerstone of academic success, a single course in reading methods is often all that is offered most prospective teachers. Even if well taught, a single course is only the beginning.Without deeper knowledge, the specific techniques of lesson delivery cannot be acquired, let alone knowle dge of language, reading psychology, childrens literature, or the management of a reading program based on assessment. The demands of efficient reading instruction, and the training experiences necessary to learn it, have been seriously underestimated by universities and by those who have canonic licensing programs. The consequences for teachers and students alike have been disastrous.Why Have Teachers Been Left Unprepared? Why are the stringent demands of teaching reading and writing unrecognized in the design of preparation programs? In reading, at least, misunderstanding and lack of knowledge may play as big a role as institutional authorities and budgetary constraints. What drives the mind of the reader is neither self-evident nor easy to grasp, and, consequently, many years of scientific doubt have been necessary to expose the mechanisms of reading acquisition.Only recently has basic research allowed the community of reading scientists and educators to agree on what take t o be done. This new information about language, reading, and writing is just beginning to shape teacher preparation and instructional programs. This knowledge must also form the basis of inservice professional development for practicing teachers.The Knowledge Base for Teaching Reading Is Hidden, Extensive, and Complex Reading education is a celestial orbit more vulnerable than many to faddish practices that TEACHING READING IS ROCKET SCIENCE / 11 ulterior prove to be untenable. Such is the risk whenever a human trait that becomes the subject of education is poorly(predicate) understood.To appreciate why reading is one of psychologys more mysterious phenomena, we must consider the nature of the linguistic communication that reading requires. Skilled reading happens too fast and is too self-loading to detect its underlying processes through simple introspection. We read, but we cannot watch how our minds make sense out of print. The linkage of sounds and symbols occurs rapidly and unconsciously.The linguistic units that compose phrases, the single speech sounds (phonemes), syllables, and meaty parts (morphemes), are automatically matched with writing symbols so that attention is available for comprehension. 10 Because our attention is on meaning, we are not aware of the order translation process by which meaning is conveyed. Until we are faced with a class of children who are learning how to read symbols that represent speech sounds and word parts, we may never have analyzed language at the level required for explaining and teaching it.Similarly, we may not know how a paragraph is organized or how a story is put together until we teach writing to students who do not know how to organize their thoughts. Thus, to understand printed language well enough to teach it explicitly requires disciplined study of its systems and forms, both talk and written. When adults are evaluated on knowledge of language, even those who are educated exhibit rudimentary or passi ng(prenominal) familiarity with concepts about our writing system that are insufficient for teaching children.Surveys measuring experienced teachers ability to localize speech sounds, spell out patterns, and word structures reveal confusions that are typical of most adults. 11 For example, the concept that a letter combination can represent one unique speech sound (ch, wh, sh, th, ng)is unclear to a surprising number of elementary teachers. Many identify these units by rote but are inefficient to take issueentiate conceptually between these spelling units (digraphs) and two letters that stand for two distinct sounds (consonant blendssuch as cl, st, pr) or silent letter spellings that retain the sound of one consonant (kn-, wr-, -mb). few adults can explain common spelling patterns that correspond to pronunciation and word meaning, such as why we trope the consonant letters in words like misspell, dinner, and accommodate. A deeper, explicit level of knowledge may not be necessar y to read the words, but it is necessary to explain pronunciation and spelling, where the words came from, and how spelling is related to meaning.12 Some children learn language concepts and their application very easily in spite of incidental teaching, but others never learn unless they are taught in an organized, systematic, efficient way by a knowledgeable teacher using a well-designed instructional approach. Children of average ability might learn enough about reading to get by, but may not develop the appreciation for language structure that supports learning words from context, organization of the mental dictionary, comparing words, or precise use of language.13 Yet teachers are seldom asked to study the language they teach or how its form carries its message. In addition, teachers are not born knowing the relationships among the basic skills of reading and reading comprehension. They may see that children read poorly in the middle and upper grades, but may not understand that proficiency in basic reading skill must be taught before students will progress. Without instruction and practice, teachers are unlikely to develop the questioning techniques and discussion strategies that promote thoughtful reading by groups of children. 14 Meaningful Professional Standards Are AbsentOther complex and demanding professions insist on much more stringent training and preparation than that required of teachers. Pilots, engineers, optometrists, and art therapists, for example, must learn concepts, facts, and skills to a prescribed level, must conduct their practice under supervision, and must pass rigorous entry 12 / AFT TEACHERS examinations that are standardized across the profession. Continuing education to stay abreast of proven best practices is mandated. The public interest is protected by professional disposal boards that monitor the knowledge base and oversee the competence of these licensed professionals.We, the consumers of these professional services, shou ld be able to desire that any person holding a license has demonstrated competence and is accountable to his or her professional board of governance. No such rules or standards assure that teachers who instruct children in reading have know the relevant knowledge base and acquired the necessary skills. Even within large universities that prepare hundreds of teachers every year, thither may be no curricular specifications or standards. What a teacher candidate learns depends on the professor he or she selects.What the professor teaches is determined solely by what the professor may know or believe. Courses in reading, which are typically limited to three credit TEACHING READING IS ROCKET SCIENCE / 13 hours, are often taught by adjunct faculty who are accountable to no one. 15 Thus, preparation for teaching reading often is more grounded in ideology than evidence. 16 While the academic freedom that professors often invoke has a place in teacher education, its claim is not as absolut e as it may be in the humanities.17 Professional preparation programs have a responsibility to teach a defined body of knowledge, skills, and abilities that are based on the best research in the field. This is no less important in reading18 than it is in medicine or the law. Good Information Is Hard To Get Few of todays popular textbooks for teacher preparation in reading contain information about the known relationships between linguistic awareness, word recognition ability, and reading comprehension. Few discuss in any useful detail how the English writing system represents speech.Basic concepts such as the differences between speech sounds and spellings, the fact that every syllable in English is organized around a vowel sound, and the existence of meaningful units (morphemes) in the Latin layer of English (about 60 percent of zip text) are rarely explained. Few texts contain accurate information about the role of phonology in reading development, and few explain with depth, acc uracy, or clarity why many children have trouble learning to read or what to do about it. Teachers are often given inaccurate and misleading information based on unsupported ideas.For example, in the recent past, one of the most common misconceptions has been that knowledge of the phonetic system can be finessed with awareness of sentence structure and meaning. 19 Textbooks for teachers must attain a much higher standard of accuracy, currency, depth, clarity, and relevance if teachers are to be wellprepared to teach reading. 20 learn about spoken and written language concepts and to generate strategies for teaching students to read. Major classroom textbooks in language arts omit systematic teaching about speech sounds, the spelling system, or how to read words by sounding them out.21 The most popular programs being used today are appropriately industrial-strength on literature, illustrations, cross-disciplinary thematic units, and motivational strategies for children, but very wea k or simply wrong when it comes to the structure of English and how children actually learn to read the words on the page. 22 A recent review of major classroom reading programs shows that they continue to lack the content necessary to teach basic reading systematically and explicitly. 23 Can We Do Better?Comprehensive redesign of teacher preparation and inservice professional development is possible, but it must begin with a definition of theknowledge and skills necessary for effective practice and demonstration of how these are best learned.Fortunately, leaders in the field including the National Research Council panel on the Prevention of Reading Difficulties in Young Children and the member organizations of the Learning First Alliancehave reached consensus regarding the schedule for change. 24 They agree that new teachers require much more extensive, demanding, and contentdriven training if discoveries from the reading sciences are to inform classroom practice.Specifically, tea chers must understand the basic psychological processes in reading, how children develop reading skill, how good readers differ from poor readers, how the English language is structured in spoken and written form, and the validated principles of effective reading instruction. The ability to design and deliver lessons to academically diverse learners, to select validated instructional methods and materials, and use assessments to tailor instruction are all central to effective teaching.Classroom Instructional Programs Are Uninformative inadequately prepared novice teachers often find themselves dependent on the information given in teachers manuals to 14 / AFT TEACHERS Only recently has basic research allowed the community of reading scientists and educators to agree on what needs to be done. Toward a Curriculum for Teacher Preparation and Inservice Professional Development core curriculum for teacher preparation and inservice professional development can be divided roughly into the following four areas s A.Understanding knowledge of reading psychology and development Understanding knowledge of language structure which is the content of instruction Applying best practices in all aspects of reading instruction and Using validated, reliable, efficient assessments to inform classroom teaching. s s s This core will, of course, be supplemented and honed in time, but its goal is to bring continuity, consistency, and pretension to preservice teacher education and to focus the content of continuing education and graduate programs.(For specific details on the curriculum content in these four areas see Appendix A. ) Knowledge of the Psychology of Reading and Reading Development Basic Facts About Reading If the findings of research psychologists, educators, and linguists were better known, the risk of unfounded and even pestiferous teaching practices would be reduced.Learning to read is not natural or easy for most children. Reading is an acquired skill, unlike spoken l anguage, which is learned with almost any kind of contextual exposure. If learning to read were as natural as acquiring spoken lan-guage, many more societies would have written languages human beings would have invented writing systems many thousands of years before we did and everyone would learn reading as easily as ducks learn to swim.The prolonged, gradual, and predictable progression of skill in print translation attests to the difference between processing spoken and written language. Although surrounding children with books will enhance reading development, a literature-rich environment is not sufficient for learning to read. Neither will exposure to print ordinarily be sufficient for learning to spell, unless organized practice is provided.Thus, teachers must be reflective and knowledgeable about the content they are teaching, that is, the symbol system itself and its relationship to meaning. Research has shown that good readers do not skim and sample the text when they scan a line in a book. 25 They process the letters of each word in detail, although they do so very rapidly and unconsciously. Those who comprehend well accomplish letter-wise text scanning with relative ease and fluency. When word identification is fast and accurate, a reader has ample mental energy to think over the meaning of the text.Knowledge of sound-symbol mapping is crucial in developing word recognition the ability to sound out and recognize words accounts for about 80 percent of the variance in first-grade reading comprehension and continues to be a major (albeit diminishing) factor in text comprehension as students progress through the grades. 26 The ability to sound out words is, in fact, a major underpinning that allows rapid recognition of words by sight. 16 / AFT TEACHERS Language knowledge and language proficiency differentiate good and poor readers.Before children can easily sound out or decode words, they must have at least an implicit awareness of the speech sounds t hat are represented by symbolic units (letters and their combinations). Children who learn to read well are sensitive to linguistic structure recognize redundant patterns and connect letter patterns with sounds, syllables, and meaningful word parts quickly, accurately, and unconsciously. 27 Effective teaching of reading entails these concepts, presented in an order in which children can learn them. The Characteristics of Poor and Novice Readers.Experts agree that reading and writing call primarily on deep linguistic processing, not on more peripheral auditory or visual perceptual skills. Language knowledge and language proficiency differentiate good and poor readers. As they begin to learn, poor readers are not less intelligent or less motivated they are, however, less skilled with language, especially at the level of elemental linguistic units smaller than whole words. For this reason, they benefit from instruction that develops awareness of sounds, syllables, meaningful word parts , relationships among word meanings, and thestructures of written text.The language skills that most reliably distinguish good and poor readers are specific to the phonological or speechsound processing system. Those skills include awareness of linguistic units that lie within a word (consonants, vowels, syllables, grammatical endings, meaningful parts, and the spelling units that represent them) and fluency in recognition and recall of letters and spelling patterns that make up words. Thus, skilled reading presents a paradox Those who can most easily make sense of text are also those who can most easily read nonsense.For example, children who comprehend well when they read also do better at tasks such as reading words taken out of context, sounding out novel words, and spelling nonsense words. 28 Intelligence and verbal reasoning ability do not predict reading success in the beginning stages as well as these specific linguistic skills. Although the purpose of reading is to compreh end text, teachers should also appreciate the relationships among reading components in order to teach all components wellin connection to one another and with the emphasis needed at each stage of development.

Afro Asians Essay Example for Free

Afro Asians EssayDuring the 1970s, an increased demand for bullshit and cobalt attracted Japanese investments in the mineral rich southeastern region of Katanga Province. Over a 10-year period, more than 1,000 Japanese miners relocated to the region, confined to a strictly male-only camp. Arriving without family or spouses, the men often sought kind interaction outside the confounds of their camps. In search of intimacy with the opposite sex, sometimes resulting in cohabitation, the men openly engaged in interracial dating and relationships, a practice aboutly embraced by the local society. As a result, a number of Japanese miners fathered children with native Congolese women. However, most of the mixed race infants resulting from these unions died, soon after birth. Multiple testimonies of local people suggest that the infants were poisoned by a Japanese lead atomic number 101 and nurse working at the local mining hospitale. Subsequently, the circumstances would have broug ht the miners shame as most of them already had families back in their native Japan. The practice forced many native Katangan mothers to hide their children by not reporting to the hospital to give birth.Other women raised their child more rural or remote areas as blasian children were sought after and murdered in the city by Japanese officials. Today, cubic decimeter Afro-Japanese have formed an association of Katanga Infanticide survivors. The organization has hired legal council seeking a formal investigating into the killings. The group submitted official inquiry to both the Congolese and Japanese governments, to no avail. Issues specific to this group overwhelm having no documentation of their births, since not having been born in the local hospital spared their lives. The total number of survivors is unknown.

US Documents Essay Example for Free

US Docu manpowerts EssayThe long disputation of offenses attributed to the King in the Declaration of Independence were that he did not approve laws for the common good, he did not allow his governors to pass laws no matter how urgent and important they may be and instead legitimate the governors to wait for his approval which he never gave, he denied to enact laws for the benefit of the majority but would completely do so if they gave up their representation in the Legislature and which the people found unacceptable and tyrannical, he convened the Legislature in places far from the Public Records depository and such location was distant, unusual and uncomfortable for the representatives, he fade bring out on m any(prenominal) occasions the Houses of Representatives for their opposition to his tyranny, he had denied the election of replacement forThe Houses he dissolved thus exposing a State without Legislation to such threats as invasions from outside and unrest from inside, h e pr sluiceted to last the states when he tried to stop the passage of Naturalization and Immigration laws and refused to amend Land Appropriations, he did not allow for the administration justice with the continued absence of a Judicial arm of government activity, judges served on a lower floor his pleasure as their terms of offices and salaries depended on him, he created offices for their officers to harass people, he created unconstitutional standing armies even in times of peace, he made the Military superior to the Civilian, he ruled under a constitution alien to the states, armed troops dwell among the citizens and were protected from punishment even for crimes against the citizens of the states, compulsory taxed and put down off foreign trade of the states, there was no trial by jury and instead brought trials overseas, he ruled in anarchy, dissolved Charters, changed the form of government, and abolished laws, instead of protecting the states declargond war against them , he done for(p) properties and plundered the people, and forced the people to fight against each other. Then Declaration of Independence states, that all men are created equal , that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, closeness and the pursuit of Happiness. Locke believed those rights to be inherent in mans natural state.Further, the Declaration of Independence provides, That whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and institute new-fangled Government. That these united colonies are, and of Right, ought to be Free and Independent States, Locke believed that for Government to continue to exist it must have the comply of the people. When a government does not serve the purpose for which it was created, Locke believed that a conversion against it, is a right and an obligation. In both the Declaration of Independence and the US geo logical formation, there is no mention of rebellion or revolution against the Government.Amendment 13 abolished slavery. This is the only part of the Constitution that touches on slavery. Three among the powers of Congress as provided for in the Constitution are to legislate laws, to declare war, and to levy and collect taxes, duties and excises. Amendments 1-10 are otherwise known as the carte of Rights. Among these Rights guaranteed in the Constitution are Amendment 1 Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech , or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Amendment 2 the right of the people to keep and bear weaponry , Amendment 4 right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, , and Amendment 6 the accused shall honor the rig ht to a speedy and public trial The times when National Security is involved are certainly periods when we have to be cautious. Suspension of Rights is never a way of caution. Life must go on even in times of threats.To bar people from practicing their faith, speaking up and writing out their thoughts, to gather peacefully, and to file for redress of grievances is not the way of a democracy, a democracy which replaced the anarchic government of the King. References Landry, P. (1997-2006). John Locke.Biographies.Retrieved February 19, 2008 from http//www. blupete. com/Literature/Biographies/Philisophy/Locke. htm

Four Views to The College Conspiracy Essay Example for Free

Four Views to The College Conspiracy EssayIn May of 2011 a video by the National Inflation Association (N.I.A) surfaced on YouTube gathering over two million views and opening the eye of people to the American college system. According to the producers of this video, College is the largest scam in US history Is college a worth-while investment? Is it good a way for the government to stimulate the economy? Are college degrees really a necessity in performing on the job? All of these suspicions subscribe been asked and answered with both yes and no. Four authors with different views on this matter have written up holds concerning this issue. While reading through the articles one will government note that the views for each(prenominal) author are backed up by examples and statistics but differ in viewpoints, resulting winning different sides to this topic.In the first article, by The Christian learning Monitor, examples of successful entrepreneurs without degrees like Mar k Zuckerberg of Facebook and cock Thiel of Paypal were given to the audience. The writer whence expresses his belief that not everyone is cut out for college, some would be dampen suited to vocational training, but the United States needs more well-educated people to compete in the initiation economy. Statistics on how college degree recipients have a decreased likelihood of unemployment and receive increased take on average are then given.The next article, from the New York Times, opens up by revisiting Americas past decision to regular off high school open to the public and how education has benefitted the United States. The writer makes a comparison between the current situation of the importance of higher education to the Americas past decision. Studies stated that prove a bachelors degree is an asset even for those whose jobs do not require any degree. He states that, beyond the mo unclutterary value of a degree, education seems to make people happier and healthier. Quoti ng M.I.T economist, David Autor, writer states his opinion on how not sending a child to college would be a disaster.Different statistical evidence were then used. Once financial aid was taken into account, the average net tuition of public four-year college were approximately $2000, a lot less than what most people presume the cost to be. A recipient of a college degree makes 83 share more than those with only a high-school diploma. Citing the Hamilton Project, a research group in Washington, an investment in a college degree has a 15 pct annual return, 8 percent more than stock investment, and 14 percent more than in real estate.On the other hand, article three, by John Stossel disagrees with the potency of a college education in the working(a) world. He starts the article with examples of successful non-degree holders, Michael Dell, Mark Zuckerberg, Bill Gates, Mark Cuban, Richard Branson, Simon Cowell and Peter Jennings. Stossel then shares his opinion that for some people, college is a scam. He then states the opinions of his Fox Televison partner Richard Vedder.Sharing similar view points, Vedder reasons out that students who do well in college often did well in high school, even though most students, even those who did poorly in high school, are pushed into college. He then asks as to why colleges accept the lower-tier of students and answers that question by stating that government loans ensure students are able to pay for college, even at the risk of pine term debt, which fuels the academia. Giving out some statistics to back up the claim, Stossels points out the high percentages of baggage porters, bellhops and ward-heeler and limo drivers have a college degree that they did not require to obtain their current jobs.The last article comes from Marty Nemko, a career counselor. She gives her personal experiences during her job when students are disturbed by the amount of money they have already spent on their education but still lack the units to complete their degree program. She then gives out the statistic that among college freshman who graduated in the bottom 40 percent of their high school, 76 percent wont earn a diploma even if given 8 years. Yet colleges submit these students and take their money. 23 percent of the students themselves are unprepared for college and students learn less in college than what is led on to believe, only having 16.4 percent of students satisfied with the instruction given to them.These four sources gave their bear personal opinions and back them up with sufficient evidence in the form of examples, testimonies, and statistics. The Christian Science Monitor takes into account, not only each individuals need for a college degree, but also the countrys need for college graduates to compete in the world market. The New York Times article takes finances into account giving reasons to why college degrees are actually affordable, with the right-hand(a) financial aid, and how they pay off once theyre put to good use.John Stossel takes his views the college system as a for profit organization, where, although some are able to use their education in the working world, many another(prenominal) dont and the college system takes advantage of the mass of hopefuls who try to better their lives, successful or not. Marty Nemko draws from her own personal experiences as a career counselor dealing with college students and their problems in taking the college route. What the discussion comes have to is how are the four authors interpreting the data they are given and how do their own viewpoints make them congenital to the matter. One side believes that a college education is a worth-while investment while the other believes that it is just a waste of time and money.Works CitedAmericas Most Overrated Product Higher Education. What Colleges Must Do What Parents Must Do. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2013. The College Scam. Fox News. FOX News Network, 06 July 2011. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. Is C ollege a Scam? The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor, 15 Sept. 2011. Web. 25 Jan. 2013. Leonhardt, David. ECONOMIC SCENE Even for Cashiers, College Pays Off. The New York Times. The New York Times, 26 June 2011. Web. 26 Jan. 2013.

The American Civil War Essay Example for Free

The American Civil warfare EssayThe American Civil state of war has also been c exclusivelyed the war Between the States or the War of Rebellion or the War for southerlymostern Independence. It was a clash mingled with the United States of America or the Union and the Confederate States of America or the Confederacy. The Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865. thither were many reasons for the outbreak of this Civil War such as States rights and thraldom. The principle cause for this War was rigorously economic. The Southern states had always tried to become independent because of the point that the people and the state were becoming wealthier collect to extensive use of slave labor. These states feared a drastic reduction in their wealth if thralldom were to be abolished (Guisepi, 2002). Subsequent to the election of Abraham Lincoln as president of the United States, the South became apprehensive as they tangle that slavery would be abolished, accordingly they started t he civil war. On the 12th of April, 1861 the Confederate army in Charleston, S. C. , started dismissal on Fort Sumter, which was held by the Union forces. This marked the commencement of hostilities between the North and the South.The prima facie purpose of the South was to gain independence and that of the North was to preserve the integrity of the Union. In the year 1862, Abraham Lincoln announce the Emancipation Proclamation and this constituted a major cause for the war. If the North emerged victorious then slavery would be abolished and if the South had won the war then slavery would have been protected in all the Confederate states (Guisepi, 2002). Economic disparities had been on the increase during the early nineteenth centimeury.More than fifty seven per cent of cotton exports from the US had originated in the South and this was mainly due to the employment of slave labor. However, the North had acquired its wealth by establishing industries and as such the inhabitants o f the North were opposed to slave labor. In order to cope with the ask for labor, the North encouraged immigration. Therefore, there were a large number of European immigrants who worked as laborers in industries and in the construction of railways in the North. The South was a laggard as far as industrialization was have-to doe with and this forced them to import manufactured goods from the North.The southern states opposed the overwhelming taxes and tariffs on imported goods, which was the main consultation of revenue for the Federal government. The Federal government was unwilling to reduce the taxes since it had to support various welfare measures and set up infrastructure like roads. This led to a further disagreement between the North and the South (Gallagher, 2005 ). Initially, in the republic there were sectional differences between the regions, which were overlooked, owing to the fact that the vast distances rendered communication difficult if non impossible.The Feder alers favored a fundamental government in order to enable them to construct railroads, roads, and infrastructure, protect abstruse trade interests and thereby control the national currency. The Southerners, on the other hand, were not in favor of forming a central government since their dependence on the Federal government was much lesser. They also believed that a central government would prevent them from practicing slavery. The US Constitution prohibits the federal government from interfering with slavery within the states.Opponents of slavery in the Northern states were limited to restricting the use of slaves and the spreading of slavery to other regions. This is borne out by the fact that in 1820, moment was admitted to the Union as a slave state whereas Maine was admitted as a free state to maintain the balance in the Senate (Gallagher, 2005 ). In 1857, the Supreme Court of the United States added dismiss to fire of mounting tensions by its judgment in the case of Dred Sc ott. In that case Scott a Missouri slave sought freedom on the basis that his master had taken him to live in a free state.The Court opined that Negroes were not citizens of the United States and that accordingly Scott could not approach the Court as he had no rights to do so. Moreover, the Supreme Court ruled that the US laws prohibiting slavery were unconstitutional. Subsequently, on the 16th of October 1859, magic Brown a convict of the Pottawatomie massacre raided the Harpers Ferry, VA, in order to free the slaves and to encourage them to start a guerrilla war against the whites in the South. This incident shook the Southerners as they felt that it was the beginning of organized Northern efforts to abolish slavery (Guisepi, 2002).With the election of Abraham Lincoln as the President of the Union, the Southerners seriously contemplated secession from the Union and South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union. Other Southern states quickly withdrew from the Union a nd these secessionists occupied many southern forts. The Artillery of the Confederates opened fire on Fort Sumter and this marked the beginning of the war (Guisepi, 2002). The Civil War had the dubious distinction of resolving the issue of secession permanently as has been borne out by the fact that since 1861, there have been no attempts by the states of the Union to secede.Another major change wrought by the Civil War was the abolition of slavery, subsequent to the Emancipation Proclamation announced by Lincoln. However, the Civil War was unable to make the blacks the equals of the whites and it was also unsuccessful in emotionally reuniting the North and the South, as had been hoped by Abraham Lincoln.ReferencesGallagher, G. (2005 ). American Civil War. Microsoft Encarta 2006 DVD . Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation. Guisepi, R. (2002). American Civil War. Retrieved June 23, 2007, from http//history-world. org/american_civil_war. htm